Solar panels are devices that directly or indirectly convert solar radiation energy into electrical energy through photoelectric or photochemical effects by absorbing sunlight. The main material of most solar panels is "silicon", but due to the high production cost, their widespread use has certain limitations.

Compared to ordinary batteries and rechargeable batteries, solar cells are more energy-saving and environmentally friendly green products.

Structural composition

1) Tempered glass

Its function is to protect the main body of power generation (such as battery chips), and the selection of light transmittance is required. 1. The light transmittance must be high (generally above 91%); 2. Ultra white steel treatment

2) EVA

Used to bond and fix tempered glass and power generation bodies (such as battery cells), the quality of transparent EVA materials directly affects the life of the component. EVA exposed to the air is prone to aging and yellowing, which affects the light transmittance of the component, thereby affecting the power generation quality of the component. In addition to the quality of the EVA itself, the lamination process of the component manufacturer also has a significant impact, such as substandard EVA adhesive strength, and insufficient adhesion strength between EVA and tempered glass and backplane, Can cause premature aging of EVA, affecting component life.

3) Battery chip

The main role is to generate electricity. The mainstream in the power generation market is crystalline silicon solar cells and thin film solar cells, both of which have advantages and disadvantages. Crystalline silicon solar cells have relatively low equipment costs, but high consumption and cell costs, but also high photoelectric conversion efficiency, making them suitable for outdoor solar power generation; Thin film solar cells have relatively high equipment costs, but their consumption and battery costs are very low. However, their photoelectric conversion efficiency is more than half that of crystalline silicon cells, but their weak light effect is very good. They can also generate electricity under ordinary lighting, such as solar cells on calculators.

4)EVA

The function is as follows: mainly bonding and encapsulating the power generation main body and back plate

5) Back plate

Function, sealing, insulation, and waterproofing (Generally, materials such as TPT and TPE must be resistant to aging, and most component manufacturers have a 25-year warranty. Tempered glass and aluminum alloys generally have no problems. The key is whether the backplane and silicone can meet the requirements.)

6) Aluminum alloy

Protect the laminated parts and play a certain sealing and supporting role

7) Junction box

Protects the entire power generation system and acts as a current transfer station. If the component is short-circuited, the junction box automatically disconnects the short circuit battery string to prevent burning the entire system. The key issue in the junction box is the selection of diodes, which vary depending on the type of battery cells in the module

8) Silicone

The sealing function is used to seal the junction between the assembly and the aluminum alloy frame, and between the assembly and the junction box. Some companies use double-sided adhesive strips and foam to replace silica gel, which is widely used in China. The process is simple, convenient, easy to operate, and the cost is very low.

Application area

1. User solar power supply: (1) Small power supplies ranging from 10-100W are used for military and civilian life in remote areas without electricity, such as plateaus, islands, pastoral areas, border guard posts, etc., such as lighting, televisions, radio recorders, etc; (2) 3-5 KW family roof grid connected power generation system; (3) Photovoltaic water pump: used for drinking and irrigation in deep water wells in areas without electricity.

2. Transportation field: such as navigation lights, traffic/railway signal lights, traffic warning/sign lights, Yuxiang street lights, high-altitude obstacle lights, highway/railway wireless telephone booths, unattended road shift power supply, etc.

3. Communication/communication field: solar unattended microwave relay station, optical cable maintenance station, broadcast/communication/paging power supply system; Rural carrier telephone photovoltaic system, small communication machine, soldier GPS power supply, etc.

4. Oil, marine, and meteorological fields: cathodic protection solar power supply systems for oil pipelines and reservoir gates, domestic and emergency power supplies for oil drilling platforms, marine detection equipment, meteorological/hydrological observation equipment, etc.

5. Lamp power supply: such as courtyard lamps, street lamps, portable lamps, camping lamps, mountaineering lamps, fishing lamps, black light lamps, rubber cutting lamps, energy-saving lamps, etc.

6. Photovoltaic power stations: 10KW-50MW independent photovoltaic power stations, wind (diesel) complementary power stations, various large parking plants, charging stations, etc.

7. Solar building: Combining solar power generation with building materials to achieve self-sufficiency in electricity for future large-scale buildings is a major development direction in the future.

8. Other fields include: (1) Supporting automotive products: solar powered cars/electric vehicles, battery charging equipment, automotive air conditioners, ventilation fans, cold drink boxes, etc; (2) Renewable power generation system for solar hydrogen production and fuel cells; (3) Power supply for seawater desalination equipment; (4) Satellite, spacecraft, space solar power station, etc.

Service life

The service life of solar panels is determined by the materials of the panels, tempered glass, EVA, TPT, etc. Generally, the service life of solar panels made by manufacturers who use better materials can reach 25 years, but with the impact of the environment, the materials of solar panels will age over time. Generally, the power will be reduced by 30% after 20 years of use, and by 70% after 25 years of use.